Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Exam 2025 - Free CCSP Practice Questions and Study Guide

Non-repudiation is the process that assures that the sender of a message cannot deny having sent the message and the recipient cannot claim not to have received it. This is achieved through the use of digital signatures, which provide proof of the origin and integrity of a message. Therefore, the sender and recipient are unable to deny their involvement in the communication.

Option A Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. While this is an important step in ensuring secure communication, it does not necessarily prevent the sender from denying their involvement in the message.

Option B: Authorization is the process of granting access to resources based on identity and privileges. This does not directly address the issue of non-repudiation and the denial of involvement in a message.

Option D: Tokenization is the process of replacing sensitive data with unique identifiers or tokens to protect the original data from being compromised. While this can improve security, it does not guarantee non-repudiation.

In summary, even though the other options may have overlapping concepts with non-repudiation, they do not fully address the specific process of preventing the sender from denying the message and the recipient from denying receipt.